In today’s world, the widespread presence of microplastics in the environment has raised significant concerns about their impact on human health, both long-term and short-term. An increasing body of evidence has shown that microplastics, defined as small particles of plastic with a diameter of less than 5mm, have infiltrated not just oceans and soil, but also our bodies. Even more concerningly, recent research suggests that these microscopic particles could be linked to various health issues including cardiovascular problems such as hypertension, also known as high blood pressure.
What are microplastics?
Microplastics are a subset of plastic debris that come from a variety of sources, including the breakdown of larger plastic items, for example bottles and bags, as well as the shedding of microfibers from synthetic materials in textiles during washing. Even the wear and tear of tyres from driving can release microplastics into the environment. The issue is that these particles are so small that they can easily be ingested or inhaled, potentially entering the bloodstream and internal organs.
The extent of microplastic contamination is concerning, with studies indicating their presence in not just oceans and rivers, but also tap water, seafood, and, most concerningly, the air we breathe.
Are microplastics the same thing as PFAS?
Microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are often discussed in the context of environmental pollution, but they are distinct substances with different origins, properties, and impacts. Microplastics are tiny fragments of plastic that originate from the degradation of larger plastic items or from products like exfoliating scrubs. PFAS, on the other hand, are a class of synthetic chemical used in a wide range of industrial applications and consumer products for their water- and grease-resistant properties. Commonly found in non-stick cookware, stain-resistant fabrics, and some firefighting foams, PFAS are persistent in the environment and in human bodies, often referred to as “forever chemicals” because they do not break down easily. They are associated with various health risks, including cancer, liver damage, and developmental issues.
While both microplastics and PFAS are environmental contaminants that pose serious health and ecological risks, they are fundamentally different in their chemical nature and sources.
Do microplastics leave the body?
The body’s ability to eliminate microplastics is a subject of ongoing research. While some studies suggest that larger particles can pass through the digestive system relatively unchanged, others indicate that smaller particles can pass through the small intestine and enter the bloodstream. Some studies found that microplastics accumulate in various organs over time, potentially causing long-term harm.
The extent to which they persist in the body and their exact mechanisms of elimination are still not fully understood, making it a critical area for further investigation.
Potential health effects of microplastics
Their presence in the environment and the potential health implications have sparked considerable concern among researchers and public health officials. These particles have been found to act as carriers of chemicals and ions, which means they could potentially facilitate the ingress of harmful substances, such as pesticides and heavy metals, into the body. Moreover, their small size allows them to cross biological barriers and potentially interfere with cellular function, leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, and disruptions in hormone regulation.
Studies have linked exposure to microplastics with a range of health issues, including reproductive problems, immune system dysfunction, and now, emerging evidence suggests a potential connection with cardiovascular diseases.
Given their ability to accumulate in tissues and organs, including the cardiovascular system, microplastics may contribute to conditions like hypertension through mechanisms that involve inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. All of these are processes known to influence blood pressure regulation.
The relationship between microplastics and blood pressure
Recent research has begun to explore the relationship between microplastics and blood pressure. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a leading risk factor for heart disease and strokes worldwide. Studies suggest that exposure to microplastics may exacerbate hypertension through several mechanisms.
Firstly, the chemicals associated with microplastics, such as phthalates and bisphenols, have been shown to disrupt hormone systems, including those that regulate blood pressure. Secondly, the inflammatory response triggered by microplastic exposure may lead to endothelial dysfunction, which impairs the ability of blood vessels to dilate and contract properly. Finally, oxidative stress induced by microplastics may contribute to arterial stiffness, a hallmark of hypertension.
While direct causation has not been definitively established, the possible links between microplastics and elevated blood pressure warrants attention and further investigation. Given the widespread presence of microplastics in our environment and their potential to impact human health, reducing exposure is crucial.
If you have blood pressure concerns, continuous blood pressure monitoring may be an option for you. It’s hard to control your contact with microplastics, but you may understand your own day-to-day blood pressure patterns if you can see when the highs and lows are happening.
Sign up for the newsletter and get the most up-to-date information on cardiovascular wellness and heart health!
How to minimize exposure to microplastics
Minimizing exposure to microplastics begins with awareness and proactive measures:
- Reduce plastic consumption. Opt for reusable items and avoid single-use plastics whenever possible. This reduces the overall demand for plastic production and subsequently lowers the amount of plastic waste that can degrade into microplastics.
- Choose natural fibers. When selecting clothing and textiles, favor natural fibers like cotton, wool, and silk over synthetic materials like polyester and nylon, which shed microfibers during washing.
- Filter drinking water. Use a high-quality water filter to reduce the presence of microplastics in drinking water. These filters can effectively remove particles that may have entered the water supply through various sources.
- Mindful consumption of seafood. Since microplastics have been found in marine life, be mindful of the seafood you consume. Opt for sustainably sourced seafood and consider smaller fish that may have lower concentrations of contaminants including microplastics.
- Support policies and research. Advocate for policies that promote plastic waste reduction and support research into the health effects of microplastics. Increased awareness and funding are essential for addressing this global issue effectively.
While the full extent of the health effects of microplastics, including their impact on blood pressure, is still being investigated, the evidence suggests a potential cause for concern. By taking proactive steps to reduce plastic consumption and advocating for sustainable practices, individuals can make an effort to minimize exposure to microplastics and safeguard both environmental and human health for future generations.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not contain medical advice, and is not a replacement for medical advice. The information in this article is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Talk to a qualified medical professional before making any changes to your health regimen.
Sources
Microplastics are everywhere – but are they harmful? 4 May 2021 – https://www.nature.com/articles-d41586-021-01143-3
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity of microplastics in the human body and health implications, 5 September 2022 – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science-article-S0304389422011542
Tissue accumulation of microplastics and potential health risks in human, 10 March 2024 – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science-article-S0048969724001384
Microplastics as carriers of inorganic and organic contaminants in the environment: A review of recent progress, 15 March 2022 – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science-article-S0167732222001155
Microplastics and Oxidative Stress-Current Problems and Prospects, 15 April 2024 – https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921135579
Phthalate exposure as a risk factor for hypertension, 3 June 2018 – https://link.springer.com/article-101007-s11356-018-2367-6
Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and the risk of high blood pressure: epidemiologic and biological evidence, 11 April 2003 – https://www.nature.com/articles-1001537
What are microplastics, June 2024 – https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts-microplastics
Oxidative stress is associated with impaired arterial elasticity, September 2011 –https://www.sciencedirect.com/science-article-S0021915011003790
Raincoats, undies, school uniforms: Are your clothes dripping in ‘forever chemicals’?, 5 April 2023 – https://health.wusf.usf.edu/health-news-florida-raincoats-undies-school-uniforms-are-your-clothes-dripping-in-forever-chemicals
Tyre wear particles are toxic for us and the environment, February 2023 – https://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream-tyre-wear-particles-are-toxic-for-us-and-the-environment
Tyre wear a major source of microplastics, say researchers, February 2023 – https://www.plasticstoday.com/medical-tire-wear-a-major-source-of-microplastics-say-researchers
